Means of protecting the inner walls of a vessel



March 5, 1935. H. P. BENNER 1,993,500

MEANS OF PROTECTING THE INNER WALLS 0F AvEssEL Filed Aug. 29, 1930 Ff?! I I 21 7.

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r jlarfl [P66727267- Patented Mar. 5, 1935 UNITED STATES MEANS OF PROTECTING THE INNER WALLS I OF A VESSEL HarryP. Benner, Chicago, Ill., assignor to Universal Oil Products Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of South Dakota Application August 29, 1930, Serial No. 478,663

4 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in protective linings for vessels, and in one specific embodiment is applicable to linings for cracking plant reaction chambers or other oil refining 5 equipment in which coke may be deposited.

Primarily, the invention comprises spacing a protective lining a relatively short distance away from the walls of the vessel to be protected in such a manner that carbonaceous or other protective material may be deposited between the liner and the walls of the vessel.

The spaced liner may preferably be constructed of metal or a metallic substance which may be easily welded, bolted or otherwise fastened in spaced relationship to the walls of the vessel. Liners made of ordinary sheet steel, aluminum or metallic alloys, such as, for example, nickelchromium-steel and Ascaloy, or any other suitable metal or alloy having anti-corrosion properties and capable of withstanding high temperatures, may be utilized. One of the features of the present invention is the ability of the finished liner to protect the vessel against corrosive action even after the metallic or outer lining has been partially destroyed, hence anticorrosive or high-temperature resistant materials, while desirable, are not essential. I also contemplate the use of materials other than metals for the outer or spaced liner, ;-for example, rigid sheets made up preferably of a mixture of heat insulating material, such as asbestos, and/or cement such as Portland or high alumina cement may be utilized for this purpose.

The purpose of the improved protective liner herein disclosed is two-fold. First, it serves as a protection'for the containing vessel against corrosion or other destructive action resulting, for example, from the distillation or cracking of oils and/or from destructive agents which may be contained in the oil. Secondly, it serves to insulate the walls of the vessel from excessively high temperatures, thus prolonging the life of f the vessel and increasing its safety, and also preventing the excessive loss of heat from materials within the vessel. m

. Advantageous features of the invention, such as the easy application of the lining, as well as its novelty and utility, will be apparent with reference to the accompanying drawing, which 50 is diagrammatic and not drawn to scale.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevational A view of a reaction chamber, such as used in the cracking of hydrocarbon oil, shown partially in section and illustrating one form of I the im- 55 proved lining,

Fig; 2 is a fragmentary horizontal section taken at the circumference of the reaction chamber along the line indicated by 2-2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical section, which may be considered an enlarged detail of a portion of the chamber wall and liner shown in cross section in Fig. 1.

Referring in detail to the drawing, 1 indicates a reaction chamber,

of the chamber closed by flanges or covers 5. The inner or spaced liner 6, which may be of metal or any other suitable material such as has been hereinbefore described, may comprise sheets or panels '7 spaced a relatively short dis- 15 tance away from the walls 3 of the chamber by spacers 8, and held in place by bolts 9 extending throughthe'liner 6 and the intervening space into the walls 3 of the chamber. The outer end of bolts 9 may take the form of loops or hooks 20 10, which maynot be necessary and are not a specific part of the invention, but serve as a means for fastening cable or other reticulated means within the reaction chamber. Such a cable (not shown) may be used in removing coke 5 from the reaction chamber after the cracking operation. The sheets orpanels 7 may, if desired, bev welded, rather than bolted, in place, or may be retained in any other suitable manner.

The edges of the sheets may be crimped or bent 0 where they overlap adjoining sheets. This may be done, for example, in the manner indicated at '11, which permits expansion and contraction of the sheets without distortion and still main- .tains a relatively tight joint between adjoining 5 edges of the sheets. All adjoining edges of the sheets 7 may overlap in the manner shown at 11, or only the vertical or the horizontal edges may be overlapped, or this type of joint may be entirely eliminated, as the provisions of this in- 40 vention do not necessitate maintaining a perfectly sealed or impervious outer lining; in fact, in its preferred embodiment, the invention provides for a small space to be left between the abutting horizontal edges of sheets '7 as indicated at 12. This provision permits free access to the space between liner 6 and the walls 3' of the chamber for the oil undergoing treatment in the chamber, which may flow into this space and may be coked or carbonized during the having walls 3 and manholes or cleanout ports 4 at the top and bottom 10 narily also accumulate on the inner surface of the liner 6 and may even totally or partially fill the reaction chamber. This outer bed of carbon may be cleaned away, however, after the cracking or coking operation, by means well known and extensively used in the industry, but in this instance the body of coke between the liner 6 in the inner walls of the chamber will remain substantially intact. It will be apparent that the bed of carbonaceous material deposited in the space provided will seal any openings which may be left in liner 6 or may be formed in this liner by corrosion or other damage, thus providing a continuous and substantially intact coating over the entire inner surface of the chamber, or over any portion of said surface which it is desired to protect. It will also be apparent that this continuous coating of carbonaceous material will serve to insulate themetal walls of the chamber againstexcessive temperatures, thus insuring a greater factor of safety for the vessel and prolonging its life.

While I have taken the lining of a reaction chamber, such as used in the cracking of oils, as an illustration of the application of the present invention, it will be understood that protective liners of this general nature may be applied to any vessel requiring such protection. For example, a liner of this kind may be employed in connection with receptacles utilized in many chemical industries where acid or caustic solutions or other destructive materials are used.

It will also be apparent that protective linings of this nature may be advantageous in vessels operated at either high, low, or normal temperatures, and under any pressure conditions.

In instances where liners of this nature are used in vessels used for other than coking or cracking operations, a bed of carbonaceous material or the like may be built up in the space provided between the walls of the vessel and the inner lining in any of a number of ways. For example, the lining operation may be carried out beforethe vessel is put in use by introducing a heavy hydrocarbon oil into the vessel at cracking or coking temperatures, allowing it to fill the vessel with carbon or coke and cleaning away that portion of the accumulated carbonaceous mass inside the inner liner or, if the inner liner is built up with tight joints between adjoining sheets or panels, an easily carbonized, or cokedlmaterial may be introduced only into the space between the inner lining and the walls of the vessel and may be carbonized by heating the inner liner and/0rv the outer walls of the vessel,'or man other suitable manner.

The wide applicability of liners of this generalnature and the multiplicity of methods by which they may be applied are among the features of the present invention, hence the invention is not limited to use in any specific process or apparatus, nor to any particular method of application. The invention is, rather, directed to a two layer protective liner comprising an upper or outer layer of any suitable material and an inner or under layer, next to the surface to be protected, of carbonaceous material or the like.

I claim as my invention:

1. In combination with a vessel, a protective lining therefor, which comprises a lining spaced a-relatively short distance from the inner walls of the vessel, spacer members interposed 'between the lining and the walls, and a. carbonaceous insulating material of suflicient thickness to protect the walls from excessive temperature interposed between said lining and said inner walls of the vessel.

2. In combination with a vessel, a protective lining therefor, which comprises a lining spaced a relatively short distance from the inner walls of the vessel, spacer members interposed between and abutting portions of the adjacent faces of the lining and the walls, and a carbonaceous insulating material of suflicient thickness to protect the walls from excessive temperature interposed between said lining and the said inner walls of the vessel.

3. In combination with a vessel, a protective lining therefor which comprises, a metallic lining spaced a relatively short distance from the inner walls of said vessel, a plurality of spacer members interposed between the inner walls of said vessel and said lining and adapted to retain the latter in fixed relation with respect to said inner walls, and an insulating layer of carbonaceous material disposed within the space formed between said inner walls of said vessel and said lining.

4. In combination with a vessel, a protective lining therefor which comprises, a plurality of metallic plates spacedly disposed from the inner walls of said vessel in a substantially continuous walled enclosure, a plurality of spacer members interposed between the inner walls of said vessel and said plates and adapted to retain thelatter in substantially fixed position,

and a layer of carbonaceous insulating material within the space formed between said inner walls of said vessel and the disposed metallic plates.

plurality of spacedly 

